Glossary entry (derived from question below)
German term or phrase:
zirkumfigieren
English translation:
to circumfix
Added to glossary by
Armorel Young
Feb 11, 2004 17:19
20 yrs ago
German term
zirkumfigierend
German to English
Other
Linguistics
This is about an African language: Das Adjektiv, ganz gleich ob es attributiv oder prädikativ verwendet wird, steht stets nach dem Nomen, das es modifiziert. In beiden Fällen kongruiert es mit ihm nach Genus and Numerus. Die Konkordanz läuft in einer ** zirkumfigierenden ** Weise ab. Zum einen tritt das vorstehende Bezugsnomen in den Status Constructus ...zum anderen nimmt das Adjektiv Suffixe an, die mit dem Genus des Bezugswort kongruieren.
Proposed translations
(English)
3 +3 | circumfixing? | Kim Metzger |
5 | circumfixating ( further support for Kim's answer) | Johanna Timm, PhD |
5 | roundabout (manner) | Mario Marcolin |
4 | roundabout; indirect | jerryk (X) |
Proposed translations
+3
14 mins
Selected
circumfixing?
According to my linguistics text by Edward Finegan, a circumfix is a combination of a prefix and suffix, but that wouldn't apply in your situation. But apparently the concept also applies to adjectives.
"We address the two reduplication patterns in Mandarin Chinese where a disyllabic verb in the form of /AB/ is reduplicated as [ABAB] while a disyllabic adjective in the form of /AB/ is reduplicated as [AABB]. Chen 2000 claims that Chinese minimal rhythmic unit (MRU) is structured disyllabically. Both [ABAB] and [AABB] have a prosodic structure of (ss)(ss). Based on the difference between [AABB] and [ABAB] in their tone sandhi behaviors, the morphological structure for [ABAB] is claimed to be the same as its phonological structure. However, the morphological structure for [AABB] is misaligned with its phonological structure. The different
prioritization of LINEARITY with respect to the alignment constraints (ALIGN(Verb, MRU) and ALIGN(Adjective, MRU): Align the edges of the verb/adjective morpheme with the edges of MRU) explains their different reduplication patterns. The higher priority given to LINEARITY in adjective reduplication produces the rarely seen pattern of circumfixing reduplication [A AB B].
http://www.lsadc.org/meethandbook2003.pdf
"We address the two reduplication patterns in Mandarin Chinese where a disyllabic verb in the form of /AB/ is reduplicated as [ABAB] while a disyllabic adjective in the form of /AB/ is reduplicated as [AABB]. Chen 2000 claims that Chinese minimal rhythmic unit (MRU) is structured disyllabically. Both [ABAB] and [AABB] have a prosodic structure of (ss)(ss). Based on the difference between [AABB] and [ABAB] in their tone sandhi behaviors, the morphological structure for [ABAB] is claimed to be the same as its phonological structure. However, the morphological structure for [AABB] is misaligned with its phonological structure. The different
prioritization of LINEARITY with respect to the alignment constraints (ALIGN(Verb, MRU) and ALIGN(Adjective, MRU): Align the edges of the verb/adjective morpheme with the edges of MRU) explains their different reduplication patterns. The higher priority given to LINEARITY in adjective reduplication produces the rarely seen pattern of circumfixing reduplication [A AB B].
http://www.lsadc.org/meethandbook2003.pdf
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Thank you - I have taken everyone's comments on board, and they were all helpful, but I am going to go with the literal tranlsation in this case."
11 mins
roundabout; indirect
Just from context ...
2 hrs
circumfixating ( further support for Kim's answer)
Zirkumfigierung: Umrahmung; zweiteiliger Affix wie ge- + -t bei Bildung des Partizip Präteritum Ù ge-frag-t, aber auch bei Ge-red-e; Kombination aus Prä- und Suffigierung
****
(4) Four kinds of affixation
a. prefixation: re-write, un-do, anti-matter, non-human, co-prosperity
b. suffixation: calm-ly, lobby-ist, read-abil-ity, peace-nik-s, cool-ness
c. circumfixation: German ge-trunk-en ‘drink’ + ‘past participle’, Abenaki nd-ases-em-na ‘our’ + ‘horse’ + ‘possessive’ d. infixation: Tagalog s-um-ulat ‘write’ + ‘infinitive’, English Massa-fricking-chusetts
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs 51 mins (2004-02-11 20:10:56 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
This explains the rarity of circumfixating reduplication. ...
www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/ling/veranst/ redup2002/abstracts/feng.pdf
****
(4) Four kinds of affixation
a. prefixation: re-write, un-do, anti-matter, non-human, co-prosperity
b. suffixation: calm-ly, lobby-ist, read-abil-ity, peace-nik-s, cool-ness
c. circumfixation: German ge-trunk-en ‘drink’ + ‘past participle’, Abenaki nd-ases-em-na ‘our’ + ‘horse’ + ‘possessive’ d. infixation: Tagalog s-um-ulat ‘write’ + ‘infinitive’, English Massa-fricking-chusetts
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs 51 mins (2004-02-11 20:10:56 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
This explains the rarity of circumfixating reduplication. ...
www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/ling/veranst/ redup2002/abstracts/feng.pdf
Reference:
Peer comment(s):
neutral |
Mario Marcolin
: Some would add "transfixation", i.e. prefix+infix or infix+suffix (common in Semitic lgs)..
13 hrs
|
15 hrs
roundabout (manner)
Kim and Johanna are both correct, zirkumfigierend is often used for circumfixation, a morphological technique..
However - zirkumfigierend in this context implies the indirect nature of double agreement marking
"Status constructus" on the noun points to the adjective, or more specifically that the fact that it's being modified by some attribute
(in some other language the nouns could well be marked by some property of the adjective!)
The adjective is marked with the gender of the noun (by a suffix!)
Nothing to do with the morphogical technique of circumfixation -
Thus A "agrees" with b, and B "agrees" with A
(A is marked for b and b is marked for A)
:)mario
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 19 hrs 56 mins (2004-02-12 13:16:28 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Die Konkordanz läuft in einer ** zirkumfigierenden ** Weise ab
-> Agreement is marked/shown in two ways (at the same time)
However - zirkumfigierend in this context implies the indirect nature of double agreement marking
"Status constructus" on the noun points to the adjective, or more specifically that the fact that it's being modified by some attribute
(in some other language the nouns could well be marked by some property of the adjective!)
The adjective is marked with the gender of the noun (by a suffix!)
Nothing to do with the morphogical technique of circumfixation -
Thus A "agrees" with b, and B "agrees" with A
(A is marked for b and b is marked for A)
:)mario
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 19 hrs 56 mins (2004-02-12 13:16:28 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Die Konkordanz läuft in einer ** zirkumfigierenden ** Weise ab
-> Agreement is marked/shown in two ways (at the same time)
Something went wrong...