From the findings only, not from any expertise re genetics.

http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&as_q=DNA damage hydroly...

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Note added at 1 hr (2009-10-21 13:38:24 GMT)
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aaarghhh

look here:

http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&as_q=ADN hidrolisis oxi...

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Note added at 1 hr (2009-10-21 13:41:38 GMT)
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Metabolismo del ADN
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La página de ADN se analiza la estructura, la síntesis, modificación y ... Durante la reparación del ADN dañado el 3'-OH puede presentarse de la hidrólisis del esqueleto ... reacciones de postreplicación que modifican el ADN es la mutilación. .... generados espontáneamente en el ambiente de oxidación de la célula. ...
themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/spanish/dna-sp.html - Cached - Similar

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Note added at 1 hr (2009-10-21 13:43:17 GMT)
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Modificaciones de Postreplicación del ADN, Metilación

Una de las principales reacciones de postreplicación que modifican el ADN es la mutilación. Los sitios de metilación natural (es decir, no inducida químicamente) del ADN eucariótico siempre están en los residuos de citosina que están presentes en los dinucleotidos CpG. Sin embargo, debe observarse que no todos los dinucleotidos CpG están metilados en el residuo C. La citidina es metilada en la posición 5 del anillo de pirimidina generando 5-metilcitidina.

También ocurre metilación del ADN en células procarióticas. La función de esta metilación es prevenir la degradación del ADN del huésped en presencia de las actividades enzimáticas sintetizadas por las bacterias llamadas endonucleasas de restricción. Estas enzimas reconocen secuencias específicas de nucleótidos del ADN. El papel de este sistema en las células procarióticas (llamadas sistema de restricción de modificación) es degradar ADNs viral extraño. Puesto que los ADNs virales no están modificados por la metilación son degradados por las enzimas de restricción del huésped. El genoma del huésped metilado es resistente a la acción de estas enzimas.

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Note added at 1 hr (2009-10-21 13:44:43 GMT)
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and yet
throughout the above context, they mention ...metilacion...not mutilacion!!

What is going on?

So, do they mean methylation

which is what I found earlier?

mutation/methylation

could be what you are looking for



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Note added at 1 hr (2009-10-21 13:48:04 GMT)
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http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:TkCoLMZwQR8J:en.wikiped...


Types of damage

There are four main types of damage to DNA due to endogenous cellular processes:

1. oxidation of bases [e.g. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG)] and generation of DNA strand interruptions from reactive oxygen species,
2. alkylation of bases (usually methylation), such as formation of 7-methylguanine, 1-methyladenine, 6-O-Methylguanine
3. hydrolysis of bases, such as deamination, depurination and depyrimidination.
4. "bulky adduct formation" (i.e. benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-dG adduct)
5. mismatch of bases, due to errors in DNA replication, in which the wrong DNA base is stitched into place in a newly forming DNA strand, or a DNA base is skipped over or mistakenly inserted.

Damage caused by exogenous agents comes in many forms. Some examples are:

1. UV-B light causes crosslinking between adjacent cytosine and thymine bases creating pyrimidine dimers. This is called direct DNA damage.
2. UV-A light creates mostly free radicals. The damage caused by free radicals is called indirect DNA damage.
3. Ionizing radiation such as that created by radioactive decay or in cosmic rays causes breaks in DNA strands.
4. Thermal disruption at elevated temperature increases the rate of depurination (loss of purine bases from the DNA backbone) and single strand breaks. For example, hydrolytic depurination is seen in the thermophilic bacteria, which grow in hot springs at 85–250 °C.[4] The rate of depurination (300 purine residues per genome per generation) is too high in these species to be repaired by normal repair machinery, hence a possibility of an adaptive response cannot be ruled out.
5. Industrial chemicals such as vinyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide, and environmental chemicals such as polycyclic hydrocarbons found in smoke, soot and tar create a huge diversity of DNA adducts- ethenobases, oxidized bases, alkylated phosphotriesters and Crosslinking of DNA just to name a few.

UV damage, alkylation/methylation, X-ray damage and oxidative damage are examples of induced damage. Spontaneous damage can include the loss of a base, deamination, sugar ring puckering and tautomeric shift. [5]

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Note added at 4 hrs (2009-10-21 16:43:53 GMT)
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Hi Martin

Don't feel frustrated (although I know the feeling well!)....medical translation is very, very difficult. None of us are experts really, unless we specialise in only one medical field, and there seems little demand for this, from my own perspective anyway. I translate all sorts of medical stuff, some stuff better than others! I did an orthodontic text once and I met my match! Never again:)

Saludos!