Translation glossary: Computer Secutiry relate

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Phakawat Padungsil

Phakawat Padungsil

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àËµØ¡ÒÃ³ìÅÐàÁÔ´¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìáÅÐà¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ:¡ÅØèÁ¢Í§¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶¶Ù¡áÂ¡áÂÐÍÍ¡ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕÍ×è¹æà¾ÃÒÐ¡ÒÃ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶àËç¹ä´éªÑ´à¨¹¶Ö§¼Ùéâ¨ÁµÕ,ÇÔ¸

English to Thai

Incident Number

ËÁÒÂàÅ¢àËµØ¡ÒÃ³ì:ËÁÒÂàÅ¢ÍéÒ§ÍÔ§ãªéã¹¡ÒÃµÔ´µÒÁàËµØ¡ÒÃ³ìÏ,ËÃ×Íãªéã¹¡ÒÃ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ì·ÃÒº¶Ö§¢éÍÁÙÅ¢Í§àËµØ¡ÒÃ³ìÏ¹Ñé¹

English to Thai

Increased Access

¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁ¡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§:¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁ¡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§ domainº¹à¤Ã×èÍ§¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìËÃ×Íà¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂâ´ÂäÁèä´éÃÑºÍ¹ØÒµ

English to Thai

Information Assurance (IA)

¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÍ§¢éÍÁÙÅ:»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ·Ò§¢éÍÁÙÅ·Õè»¡»éÍ§¢éÍÁÙÅáÅÐÃÐºº¢éÍÁÙÅâ´Â·ÓãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍ¶×Íä´éã¹àÃ×èÍ§ availability, ¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙÃ³ì, authentication, ¤ÇÒÁÅÑº, á

English to Thai

Information Exchange

¡ÒÃáÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹¢éÍÁÙÅ:¡ÒÃãËéä´éÁÒ«Öè§¢éÍÁÙÅ ·Ñé§¨Ò¡¼Ùéâ¨ÁµÕ¤¹Í×è¹ (¼èÒ¹·Ò§ bulletin board ·Ò§ÍÔàÅç¡·ÃÍ¹Ô¡) ËÃ×Í¨Ò¡ºØ¤¤Å·Õèà»ç¹à»éÒËÁÒÂ¢Í§¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕ(«Öè§¶Ù

English to Thai

Information Operations (IO)

»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ·Ò§¡ÒÃ¢éÍÁÙÅ:¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·Óà¾×èÍ·Õè¨ÐãËéÁÕ¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºµèÍ¢éÍÁÙÅáÅÐÃÐºº¢éÍÁÙÅ¢Í§½èÒÂµÃ§¢éÒÁ áÅÐã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹¡ç»¡»éÍ§¢éÍÁÙÅáÅÐÃÐºº¢éÍÁÙÅ¢Í§½èÒÂµ¹

English to Thai

Information Security

¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ·Ò§¢éÍÁÙÅ:¼Å·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹¨Ò¡¡ÒÃãªéÃÐºº¢Í§¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐ/ËÃ×ÍÃÐàºÕÂº»¯ÔºÑµÔ·Õèãªéã¹¡ÒÃ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ì·ÃÒº,¤Çº¤ØÁ, áÅÐ»éÍ§¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃà»Ô´à¼Â¢éÍÁÙÅ (·Õèä´

English to Thai

Information Superiority

¤ÇÒÁàË¹×Í¡ÇèÒ·Ò§¡ÒÃ¢éÍÁÙÅ:¢Õ´¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒÃ¶ã¹¡ÒÃÃÇºÃÇÁ, ´Óà¹Ô¹¡ÃÃÁÇÔ¸Õ,áÅÐá¨¡¨èÒÂ¢éÍÁÙÅä´éÍÂèÒ§µèÍà¹×èÍ§ áÅÐã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹¡ç¨Ó¡Ñ´ËÃ×Í·ÓÅÒÂ¢Õ´¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹Õé¢

English to Thai

¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙÃ³ì:¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÍ§ÇèÒ¢éÍÁÙÅ¨ÐäÁè¶Ù¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ËÃ×Í·ÓÅÒÂ äÁèÇèÒ¨Ðà»ç¹â´ÂÍØºÑµÔàËµØËÃ×Íâ´Âà¨µ¹ÒÃéÒÂ

English to Thai

â»Ãá¡ÃÁ worm ·Õè¶Ù¡»ÅèÍÂÅ§º¹ Internet àÁ×èÍ»Õ 1988 Robert T. Morris à»ç¹¼Ùéà¢ÕÂ¹â»Ãá¡ÃÁ¹Õéâ´ÂáÃ¡àÃÔèÁà»ç¹¡ÒÃ·´ÅÍ§áµèµèÍÁÒäÁèÊÒÁÒÃ¶¤Çº¤ØÁÁÑ¹ä´éÍÂèÒ§àËÁ

English to Thai

à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ¢Í§à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ

English to Thai

¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡:¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·Óã´æ·Õè¾ÂÒÂÒÁ·Õè¨Ð compromise ¤ÇÒÁÊÁºÙÃ³ì, ¤ÇÒÁÅÑº, ËÃ×Íavailability ¢Í§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

English to Thai

Intrusion Detection

¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨¨Ñº¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡:à·¤¹Ô¤·Õèãªéã¹¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨¨Ñº¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡à¢éÒä»ÂÑ§à¤Ã×èÍ§¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìËÃ×Íà¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂâ´Â¡ÒÃÊÑ§à¡µØ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·Ó,¡ÒÃ´Ù security logs ËÃ×Í¢éÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃ a

English to Thai

IP Splicing/Hijacking

¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·Ó«Öè§ÁÕ¡ÒÃ´Ñ¡¨ÑºáÅÐãªéÃèÇÁ¡Ñ¹¢Í§ session ·Õè¶Ù¡¨Ñ´µÑé§áÅéÇáÅÐ¡ÓÅÑ§´Óà¹Ô¹ÍÂÙè â´Â¼Ùéãªé·ÕèäÁèä´éÃÑºÍ¹ØÒµà»ç¹¼Ùé¡ÃÐ·Ó¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕáºº¹ÕéÍÒ¨à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ËÅ

English to Thai

¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕ«Öè§ÃÐººË¹Öè§¾ÂÒÂÒÁ·Õè¨ÐáÊ´§µÑÇÇèÒà»ç¹ÍÕ¡ÃÐººË¹Öè§â´ÂÁÔªÍºâ´Â¡ÒÃãªé IP Network Address

English to Thai

¡Øá¨:ÊÑÅÑ¡É³ìËÃ×ÍÅÓ´Ñº¢Í§ÊÑÅÑ¡É³ì(ËÃ×Í¡Åä¡ËÃ×ÍÊÑÒ³ä¿¿éÒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇà¹×èÍ§¡ÑºÊÑÅÑ¡É³ì)·Õè¹ÓÁÒà¢éÒËÃ×Í¶Í´ÃËÑÊÅÑº¡Ñº¢éÍ¤ÇÒÁ

English to Thai

ÃÐºº·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃãËéªÔé¹ÊèÇ¹Ë¹Öè§¢Í§¡Øá¨Ë¹Öè§ªÔé¹µèÍ¼Ùé·Õèä´éÃÑºÁÍºËÁÒÂË¹Öè§¤¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¨Ðä´éÁÒ«Öè§µÑÇ¡Øá¨¡çµèÍàÁ×èÍ¼Ùéä´éÃÑºÁÍºËÁÒÂ·Ø¡¤¹ÁÒÃèÇÁ¡Ñ¹

English to Thai

Keystroke Monitoring

Software ª¹Ô´¾ÔàÈÉ·Õèãªéã¹¡ÒÃ audit trail ËÃ×Íà¤Ã×èÍ§Á×Í·Õèä´éÃÑº¡ÒÃÍÍ¡áºº¾ÔàÈÉ·ÕèºÑ¹·Ö¡¡ÒÃ¡´»ØèÁ·Ø¡»ØèÁ¢Í§¼ÙéãªéáÅÐ¡ÒÃµÍºÊ¹Í§·Ø¡ÍÂèÒ§·ÕèÃÐºº¢éÍÁÙÅÍÑµ

English to Thai

Leapfrog Attack

¡ÒÃãªé¢éÍÁÙÅ userid áÅÐÃËÑÊ¼èÒ¹·Õèä´éÁÒâ´ÂÁÔªÍº¨Ò¡ host Ë¹Öè§ä» compromise host Í×è¹¡ÒÃ TELNET ¼èÒ¹ host Ë¹Öè§ËÃ×ÍËÅÒÂ host à¾×èÍ·Õè¨ÐäÁèãËéÁÕÃèÍ§ÃÍÂ(

English to Thai

mail ·ÕèÁÕ¢éÍÁÙÅ·Õè execute ä´é«Öè§ÁÕà¨µ¹ÒÃéÒÂµèÍà¤Ã×èÍ§ËÃ×Í terminal ¢Í§¼ÙéÃÑºã¹ÃÐºº UNIX µÑÇ e-mail ¹ÕéÍÒ¨¾ÂÒÂÒÁãËéÊèÇ¹Ë¹Öè§¢Í§ÁÑ¹¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹ shell com

English to Thai

à»ç¹·Õè·ÃÒºÍÕ¡ª×èÍË¹Öè§ÇèÒ Fork Bomb à»ç¹ program ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì·Õè½Ñ§ÍÂÙèã¹ memory «Öè§àÁ×èÍ execute áÅéÇ¨ÐµÃÇ¨ÊÍºËÒÊÀÒ¾ËÃ×ÍÊ¶Ò¹Ð·ÕèµéÍ§¡ÒÃ áÅÐàÁ×èÍ¾ºÊÀ

English to Thai

Mail ·Õè¡ÃÐµØé¹ãËé¼ÙéÍ×è¹Êè§ e-mail ¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ä»ÊÙèÃÐººÃÐººà´ÕÂÇËÃ×Í¤¹¤¹à´ÕÂÇ â´ÂÁÕà¨µ¹Ò·Õè¨Ð·ÓãËéÃÐºº¢Í§¼ÙéÃÑº crash Mailbomb ¹Ñé¹¶×Í¡Ñ¹ÇèÒà»ç¹¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·

English to Thai

Hardware, software, ËÃ×Í firmware·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃµÑé§ã¨ãÊèà¢éÒä»ã¹ÃÐººà¾×èÍ¨Ø´»ÃÐÊ§¤ì·ÕèäÁèä´éÃÑºÍ¹ØÒµµÑÇÍÂèÒ§àªè¹ Trojan Horse

English to Thai

µÑÇá»ÃÊØèÁ (random varible) x«Öè§ãªéá·¹»ÃÔÁÒ³Ë¹Öè§·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁÀÒÂã¹ªèÇ§ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒË¹Öè§Mimicking

English to Thai

Misuse Detection Model

¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨¨Ñº¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡â´Â¡ÒÃÁÍ§ËÒ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñºà·¤¹Ô¤¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡·Õè·ÃÒºËÃ×Í¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁÅèÍáËÅÁ¢Í§ÃÐºº à»ç¹·Õè·ÃÒºã¹ÍÕ¡ª×èÍË¹Öè§ÇèÒ Rules Based De

English to Thai

â»Ãá¡ÃÁ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìËÃ×Í process ·Õè·Ó·Õà»ç¹ÇèÒ»¯ÔºÑµÔË¹éÒ·Õè·ÕèµÒÁ»¡µÔã¹ÃÐººáµè¨Ð·Ó¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·ÕèÁÕà¨µ¹ÒÃéÒÂ·Ñ¹·Õ·Õè¼ÙéãªéÊÑè§

English to Thai

Multihost Based Auditing

¢éÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃ audit ·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ËÅÒÂæ host·ÕèÍÒ¨¹ÓÁÒãªéµÃÇ¨¨Ñº¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡ä´é

English to Thai

Nak (Negative Acknowledgement) Attack

à·¤¹Ô¤¡ÒÃà¨ÒÐ·Õè¶×ÍàÍÒ¤ÇÒÁÍèÍ¹áÍ¢Í§ operating system ·ÕèäÁèÊÒÁÒÃ¶¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡Ñº asynchronous interrupt ä´é´Õ¾Í¤×ÍàÁ×èÍÁÕ¡ÒÃ interrupt

English to Thai

National Computer Security Center (NCSC)

à´ÔÁª×èÍÇèÒ DoD (Department of Defense – ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§¡ÅÒâËÁ (ÊËÃÑ°Ï)) Computer Security Center NCSC ÁÕË¹éÒ·ÕèÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍºã¹¡ÒÃÊè§àÊÃÔÁãËéÁÕÃÐºº¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì·Õèà

English to Thai

National Information Infrastructure(NII)

â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¾×é¹°Ò¹·Ò§¢éÍÁÙÅáËè§ªÒµÔ (ÊËÃÑ°Ï):¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁµèÍ¡Ñ¹¢Í§à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂÊ×èÍÊÒÃ, ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì, °Ò¹¢éÍÁÙÅ,áÅÐà¤Ã×èÍ§ãªéä¿¿éÒ·ÑèÇ»ÃÐà·È «Öè§·ÓãËéÁÕ¢éÍÁÙÅ»Ã

English to Thai

¢éÍÁÙÅà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº traffic ¢Í§à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂáÅÐ¢éÍÁÙÅ audit ¨Ò¡ host ·Õè¹ÓÁÒãªéã¹¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨¨Ñº¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡

English to Thai

Network Level FirewallFirewall

ª¹Ô´·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍº traffic ·Õè packetã¹ÃÐ´Ñº network protocol (IP)

English to Thai

Network Security

¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂà¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ:¡ÒÃ»¡»éÍ§à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂáÅÐºÃÔ¡ÒÃµèÒ§æ¢Í§à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§, ·ÓÅÒÂ,ËÃ×Íà»Ô´à¼Ââ´ÂäÁèä´éÃÑºÍ¹ØÒµáÅÐãËé¤ÇÒÁÃÑºÃÍ§ÇèÒà¤Ã×

English to Thai

Network Security Officer

à¨éÒË¹éÒ·ÕèÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂà¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ:¼Ùé«Öè§ä´éÃÑºÁÍºËÁÒÂÍÂèÒ§à»ç¹·Ò§¡ÒÃ¨Ò¡¼Ùé«Öè§ÁÕÍÓ¹Ò¨Ë¹éÒ·ÕèãËéÁÕ¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔÍÂèÒ§¶Ù¡µéÍ§ã¹àÃ×èÍ§·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éÍ§ÀÒÂã¹Ã

English to Thai

Network Weaving

ÍÕ¡ª×èÍË¹Öè§¢Í§ Leapfrogging Non-Discretionary Security¹âÂºÒÂ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ¢Í§¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§¡ÅÒâËÁ(ÊËÃÑ°Ï) ·Õè¨Ó¡Ñ´¡ÒÃà¢éÒ¶Ö§â´ÂãªéÃÐ´Ñº¢Í§ªÑé¹¤ÇÒÁÅÑº ª

English to Thai

Non-Repudiation

ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒÃ«Öè§¼ÙéÊè§¢éÍÁÙÅä´éÃÑºËÅÑ¡°Ò¹ÇèÒä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÊè§¢éÍÁÙÅáÅéÇáÅÐ¼ÙéÃÑº¡çä´éÃÑº¡ÒÃÂ×¹ÂÑ¹ÇèÒ¼ÙéÊè§à»ç¹ã¤Ã ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ã¹ÀÒÂË¹éÒ·Ñé§¼ÙéÊè§áÅÐ¼ÙéÃÑº¨ÐäÁè

English to Thai

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅéÍÁ·ÕèäÁèä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÍ§·Õèà¾ÕÂ§¾ÍÇèÒÍØ»¡Ã³ìáÅÐ application µèÒ§æä´éÃÑº¡ÒÃ»¡»éÍ§¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁà¨µ¹ÒÃéÒÂ ·Ñé§¡èÍ¹áÅÐÃÐËÇèÒ§¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹¢Í§ÃÐºº

English to Thai

Open Systems Security

¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂã¹ÃÐººà»Ô´:à¤Ã×èÍ§Á×ÍµèÒ§æ·ÕèãªéÊÓËÃÑº·ÓãËé¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁµèÍ¢Í§à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ¢Í§ÃÐººà»Ô´(open systems) µèÒ§æÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ

English to Thai

Operational Data Security

¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ¢Í§¢éÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ:¡ÒÃ»¡»éÍ§¢éÍÁÙÅ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§, ·ÓÅÒÂ,ËÃ×Íà»Ô´à¼Ââ´ÂäÁèä´éÃÑºÍ¹ØÒµ·Ñé§â´ÂÍØºÑµÔàËµØáÅÐâ´Âà¨µ¹Òã¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§¡Ò

English to Thai

Operations Security

¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂã¹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ:¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ ñ)¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·ÕèäÁèÂÍÁãËé½èÒÂµÃ§¢éÒÁä´éÃÑº¢éÍÁÙÅà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¢Õ´¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒÃ¶áÅÐà¨µ¹Ò¢Í§½èÒÂàÃÒâ´Â¡ÒÃ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ì·ÃÒº,¤Ç

English to Thai

Operations Security (OPSEC)

»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ:¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ì·ÃÒº¢éÍÁÙÅÊÓ¤ÑáÅÐ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·Ó¢Í§½èÒÂàÃÒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éÍ§¡Ñº»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ·Ò§·ËÒÃ

English to Thai

OSI – Open Systems Interconnection

ÁÒµÃ°Ò¹ªØ´Ë¹Öè§·Õèä´éÃÑº¡ÒÃÂÍÁÃÑºã¹ÃÐ´Ñº¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔáÅÐä´éÃÑº¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒÍÂèÒ§à»Ô´à¼Â â´Âà»ç¹ÁÒµÃ°Ò¹·ÕèµÃ§µÒÁ¤ÇÒÁµéÍ§¡ÒÃ¢Í§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ãã¹à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂáÅÐ¢Í§¡

English to Thai

¢éÍÁÙÅ block Ë¹Öè§«Öè§¶Ù¡Êè§ä»º¹à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ «Öè§¢éÍÁÙÅ¹Õé¨Ð»ÃÐ¡Íº´éÇÂidentity ¢Í§¼ÙéÊè§áÅÐ¼ÙéÃÑº, ¢éÍÁÙÅ¤Çº¤ØÁ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´, áÅÐµÑÇ¢éÍ¤ÇÒÁ

English to Thai

à»ç¹µÑÇµÃÇ¨ÊÍºáµèÅÐ packet à¾×èÍÁÍ§ËÒÊÔè§·Õè¼Ùéãªé¡ÓË¹´ãËéËÒáµè¨ÐäÁè track Ê¶Ò¹Ð¢Í§ sessionà»ç¹ firewall ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ secure ¹éÍÂ·ÕèÊØ´ª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§

English to Thai

Packet Filtering

¤Ø³ÅÑ¡É³Ð·Õèà¾ÔèÁà¢éÒä»ã¹ router ËÃ×Í bridgeà¾×èÍ·Õè¨Ð¨Ó¡Ñ´¡ÒÃäËÅ¢Í§¢éÍÁÙÅµÒÁ¢éÍ¡ÓË¹´·Õèµ¡Å§¡Ñ¹äÇé¡èÍ¹ àªè¹ áËÅè§Êè§, áËÅè§ÃÑº, ËÃ×Íª¹Ô´¢Í§ºÃÔ¡ÒÃ·Õèà¤

English to Thai

ÍØ»¡Ã³ìËÃ×Í program·Õèà½éÒ´Ù¢éÍÁÙÅ·ÕèäËÅä»ÁÒÃÐËÇèÒ§¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃìã¹à¤Ã×Í¢èÒÂ

English to Thai

¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕáºº Passive:¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕ·ÕèäÁè·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹Ê¶Ò¹Ðâ´ÂäÁèä´éÃÑºÍ¹ØÒµàªè¹¡ÒÃâ¨ÁµÕ·Õèà¾ÕÂ§áµè¡ÒÃà½éÒ´ÙáÅÐ/ËÃ×ÍºÑ¹·Ö¡¢éÍÁÙÅ

English to Thai

¡ÒÃ¤Ø¡¤ÒÁã¹¡ÒÃà»Ô´à¼Â¢éÍÁÙÅâ´ÂäÁèä´éÃÑºÍ¹ØÒµâ´ÂäÁèÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹Ê¶Ò¹Ð¢Í§ÃÐººà»ç¹ª¹Ô´¢Í§¡ÒÃ¤Ø¡¤ÒÁ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éÍ§¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´Ñ¡¨Ñº¢éÍÁÙÅáµèäÁèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ

English to Thai

Peirod (Full Stop)

Generally,There is no full-stop for Thai grammar. Only use with abbreviation

English to Thai

PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail)

ÁÒµÃ°Ò¹¢Í§ IETF ·Õèãªéã¹¡ÒÃ secure ¡ÒÃáÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹ mail ·Ò§ÍÔàÅç¡·ÃÍ¹Ô¡

English to Thai

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