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German Middle High (ca.1050-1500) to Hungarian Hungarian to English Latin to English German to English German Middle High (ca.1050-1500) to English Hungarian to German English to German Latin to German Hungarian (monolingual) Latin (monolingual) German Middle High (ca.1050-1500) (monolingual) Polish to Hungarian Spanish to Hungarian Hungarian to Latin Polish to English Spanish to English Hungarian to Polish Hungarian to Spanish English to Polish Latin to Polish English to Spanish Latin to Spanish Polish to German Spanish to German German to Polish Spanish to Polish German to Spanish Polish to Spanish
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English to Hungarian - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute Latin to Hungarian - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute German to Hungarian - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute German Middle High (ca.1050-1500) to Hungarian - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute Hungarian to English - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute
Latin to English - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute German to English - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute German Middle High (ca.1050-1500) to English - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute Hungarian to German - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute English to German - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute Latin to German - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute Hungarian - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute Latin - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute German Middle High (ca.1050-1500) - Standard rate: 0.50 USD per word / 18 USD per hour / 3.00 USD per audio/video minute
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English to Hungarian: Privilege on plunder – The Military Orders and the Importance of Loot During the Crusades General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: History
Source text - English Logistics of the Crusades in the Holy Land have been a popular topic of historical research in recent decades. The fleets of the Italian city-states and the initial Byzantine support were an essential part of the supply chain and contributed significantly to the success of the crusaders. However, as crusaders moved away from the coastal areas and to overcome temporary shortages of supplies, the role of spoils from enemy territory became increasingly important.
The military orders, which played a prominent and sometimes inescapable role in the heavy financial expenditure associated with the campaigns and the various military and logistical challenges, were also particularly interested in the loot. Rulers, ecclesiastical and secular authorities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, recognising the importance of the military orders, granted them various privileges, including those relating to the booty. In my presentation I will examine the privileges concerning the distribution and use of the loot which the three most important military orders (Templars, Hospitallers, Teutonic Knights) obtained during the Crusades. In addition to the reasons for the differences and similarities between the privileges obtained by each order, I will examine 1) the interests of the privilege holders and donors in these privileges, 2) the factors that influenced the amount of booty obtained, and 3) the extent to which they deviated from customary law in the handling of spoils.
Translation - Hungarian A Szentföldre vezetett keresztes hadjáratok logisztikája az utóbbi évtizedek történeti kutatásában nagy népszerűségnek örvend. Az itáliai városállamok flottái és a kezdeti bizánci támogatás elengedhetetlen részeit képezték az utánpótlásnak és jelentős mértékben hozzájárultak a keresztesek sikereihez. Azonban a partmenti területekről távolodva és az átmeneti ellátmányhiány megoldására az ellenséges területen szerzett zsákmány szerepe egyre nagyobb szerephez jutott.
A lovagrendek, amelyek a hadjáratokhoz kapcsolódó súlyos pénzügyi kiadásokban, valamint a különféle katonai és logisztikai kihívásokban kiemelkedő, esetenként megkerülhetetlen szerepet töltöttek be, természetesen a hadizsákmányban is érdekeltek voltak. A Jeruzsálemi Királyság uralkodói, egyházi és világi hatalmasságai a lovagrendek jelentőségét felismerve más egyéb privilégiumok mellett, zsákmányt is érintő kiváltságokkal ruházták fel őket. Elődadásomban azokat a hadizsákmány elosztásával és felhasználásával kapcsolatos kiváltságokat kívánom vizsgálat alá vetni, melyeket a három legjelentősebb lovagrend (Templomosok, Ispotályosok, Német Lovagrend) nyert a keresztes hadjáratok időszaka alatt. Az egyes lovagrendek által nyert kiváltságok közti különbségek és hasonlóságok okai mellett arra keresem a választ, hogy 1) milyen érdekei fűződtek a kiváltságot nyerőknek, illetve adományozóknak ezekhez a privilégiumhoz 2) milyen tényezők befolyásolták a megszerezhető zsákmány mennyiségét, 3) és mennyiben tértek el a szokásjogtól a hadizsákmány kezelése terén.
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